期刊
SAUDI DENTAL JOURNAL
卷 23, 期 2, 页码 55-59出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2011.01.003
关键词
Root resorption; Pain; Periodontal disease; Pulp vitality; TMD
Orthodontic treatment is associated with a number of adverse effects, such as root resorption, pain, pulpal changes, periodontal disease, and temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Orthodontists should be aware of these effects and associated risk factors. Risk factors linked to root resorption include the duration of treatment, length, and shape of the root, trauma history, habits, and genetic predisposition. (C) 2011 King Saud University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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