期刊
ACS NANO
卷 7, 期 10, 页码 9249-9259出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn403885k
关键词
graphite intercalation compounds; graphene; Raman spectroscopy; charge transfer; strain determination
类别
资金
- OEAD AMADEUS PROGRAM
- ANR (French National Research Agency) [ANR-09-BLAN-0421-01]
- IDRIS supercomputing center, Orsay [091827]
- Tirant Supercomputer of the University of Valencia [vlc44]
- [FWF-I377-N16]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I 377] Funding Source: researchfish
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I377] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-09-BLAN-0421] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
We present detailed multifrequency resonant Raman measurements of potassium graphite intercalation compounds (GICs). From a well-controlled and consecutive in situ intercalation and high-temperature deintercalation approach the response of each stage up to stage VI is identified. The positions of the G and 20 lines as a function of staging depend on the charge transfer from K to the graphite layers and on the lattice expansion. Ab initio calculations of the density and the electronic band structure demonstrate that most (but not all) of the transferred charge remains on the graphene sheets adjacent to the intercalant layers. This leads to an electronic decoupling of these outer layers from the ones sandwiched between carbon layers and consequently to a decoupling of the corresponding Raman spectra. Thus, higher stage GICs offer the possibility to measure the vibrations of single, double, and multilayer graphene under conditions of biaxial strain. This strain can additionally be correlated to the in-plane lattice constants of GICs determined by X-ray diffraction. The outcome of this study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy is a very powerful tool to identify local internal strain in pristine and weakly charged single and few-layer graphene and their composites, yielding even absolute lattice constants.
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