Indirect Magnetic Coupling in Light-Element-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes substitutionally doped with the light-element phosphorus are synthesized and are investigated by electrical and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. Decreased spin lattice relaxation times compared to undoped tubes point toward enhanced spin-sensitive scattering. Temperature dependence of the zero-bias conductance shows step-like features, a signature of scattering from a very low density (few sites per nanotube) of localized spin moments at oxidized phosphorus sites, consistent with density functional calculations. This supports recent predictions that localized magnetic moments must be indirectly magnetically coupled through the nanotube conduction electrons.