Nonstandard Peptide Expression under the Genetic Code Consisting of Reprogrammed Dual Sense Codons

We here demonstrate a translation system that is governed by a reprogrammed genetic code consisting of dual sense codons. A dual sense codon assigns two distinct amino acids for initiation and elongation. Because multiple dual sense codons independently function without cross-readings, this system enables the expansion of the repertoire of initiators as well as elongators that can be used simultaneously.