Efficient ZnO-Based Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalyst for Antibacterial Applications

Herein, we report the development of a ZnO-based visible-light-driven photocatalyst by interfacial charge transfer process for the inactivation of pathogens under visible-light illumination. Surface modification by a cocatalyst on ZnO, prepared by flame spray pyrolysis process is carried out to induce the visible-light absorption in ZnO. Optical studies showed that surface modification of Cu2+ induces the visible-light absorption in ZnO by interfacial charge transfer between ZnO and surface Cu2+ ions upon light irradiation. The photocatalytic efficiency of OS pure and modified ZnO is evaluated for the inactivation of pathogens and the decomposition of methylene blue under visible-light illumination. The antibacterial activity of Cu2+-ZnO is several orders higher than pure ZnO and commercial Degussa-P25 and comparable with Cu2+-TiO2. Cu2+-ZnO nanorods show better photocatalytic activity than Cu2+-ZnO nanosphere, which is attributed to high surface area to volume ratio of former than later. The holes generated in the valence band and the Cu1+ species generated during the interfacial charge transfer process may attribute for the inactivation of bacteria, whereas the strong oxidation power of hole is responsible for the decomposition of methylene blue. Besides the advantage of Cu2+-modified ZnO for visible-light-assisted photocatalytic applications, the method (FSP) used for the synthesis of ZnO in the present study is attractive for commercial application because the process has potential for the production of large quantities (2-3 kg/h) of semiconductors.