Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles on P3HT:PCBM Organic Solar Cells with DMF-Modulated PEDOT:PSS Buffer Layers

In this study, we investigated hybrid bulk heterojunction organic solar cells containing ZnO nanoparticles blended with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and having poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-modulated PEDOT:PSS buffer layers. The reference cell, which had a P3HT:PCBM active layer sandwiched between ITO\PEDOT:PSS and LiF\Al electrodes, exhibited an efficiency of 1.55%. The ZnO nanoparticle-doped active layer (ITO\PEDOT:PSS(DMF) \ZnO:P3HT:PCBM\LiF \Al) exhibited a higher efficiency of 3.39% due to the modulated PEDOT:PSS buffer layer with low resistivity and the hybrid active layer containing ZnO nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate that the low resistivity of the PEDOT:PSS layer can improve the J(sc) value of hybrid solar cells, and ZnO nanoparticles can enhance the V-oc value of organic solar cells.