期刊
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ALGORITHMS
卷 8, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
DOI: 10.1145/2071379.2071382
关键词
Dynamic algorithms; directed graphs; topological order; cycle detection; strong components; halving intersection; arrangement
资金
- NSF [CCF-0830676, CCF-0832797]
We present two online algorithms for maintaining a topological order of a directed n-vertex acyclic graph as arcs are added, and detecting a cycle when one is created. Our first algorithm handles m arc additions in O(m(3/2)) time. For sparse graphs (m/n = O(1)), this bound improves the best previous bound by a logarithmic factor, and is tight to within a constant factor among algorithms satisfying a natural locality property. Our second algorithm handles an arbitrary sequence of arc additions in O(n(5/2)) time. For sufficiently dense graphs, this bound improves the best previous bound by a polynomial factor. Our bound may be far from tight: we show that the algorithm can take Omega(n(2)2 root(2lgn)) time by relating its performance to a generalization of the k-levels problem of combinatorial geometry. A completely different algorithm running in Theta (n(2) log n) time was given recently by Bender, Fineman, and Gilbert. We extend both of our algorithms to the maintenance of strong components, without affecting the asymptotic time bounds.
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