Cyclic and Multicyclic Polymers by Three-Dimensional Polycondensation

The recent confirmation that polycondensations (and other step-growth polymerizations) of difunctional monomers involve cyclization reactions at any concentration and at any stage of the polymerization also has consequences for three-dimensional polycondensations on multifunctional monomers. It is demonstrated that tree-shaped (hyperbranched) oligomers are gradually transformed into star-shaped polymers with a cyclic core, when the conversion increases. Polycondensations of a(2) + b(3) or a(2) + b(4) monomer combinations yield multicyclic polymers, when gelation can be avoided. This new architecture may be subdivided into three groups: perfect multicycles free of functional groups, multicycles having b functions, and multicycles having a groups. The concrete examples discussed in this Account mainly concern polyethers and polyesters.