Value distribution in conventional, organic and fair trade banana chains in the Dominican Republic

Certification that aims to differentiate between products on the basis of values such as environmental friendliness and fairness flourishes in global markets. Among these standards, we focus on fair trade and organic agriculture. Using the framework of global value chain analysis, this article assesses the distribution of value within the conventional, organic and fair trade banana chains. It is based on an original study carried out in the Dominican Republic and Europe. We show that producers gain relatively less than retailers by participating in certified banana chains even though they obtain a higher price, with the exception of the fair trade chain. Moreover, certified banana chains involve the same actors, logistics and relations as the conventional chain. All important decisions are taken by the downstream actors who also concentrate most of the power.