Recent developments in nutrimetabolomics: from food characterisation to disease prevention

Applications of mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the discipline of metabolomics have gained increasing interest in the area of foodomics due to their ability to characterise the metabolome of complex matrices. In this review, we report recent studies that have applied NMR and MS-based metabolomics for improved detection of food frauds, the identification of dietary markers and to investigate the interconnection between metabolome and microbiome. Overall, the advent of these new state-of-the-art technologies is contributing to expand the body of knowledge on human physiology and inter-individual metabolic diversity, which is highly valuable in the context of personalised nutritional interventions.