期刊
NATURE ENERGY
卷 3, 期 8, 页码 648-+出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41560-018-0192-2
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资金
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology [KUS-11-009-21]
- Ontario Research Fund
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship Program
- IBM Canada Research and Development Center through the Southern Ontario Smart Computing Innovation Platform (SOSCIP)
- SOSCIP
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) at the University of Toronto [680-50-1511]
The degradation of perovskite solar cells in the presence of trace water and oxygen poses a challenge for their commercial impact given the appreciable permeability of cost-effective encapsulants. Point defects were recently shown to be a major source of decomposition due to their high affinity for water and oxygen molecules. Here, we report that, in single-cation/halide perovskites, local lattice strain facilitates the formation of vacancies and that cation/halide mixing suppresses their formation via strain relaxation. We then show that judiciously selected dopants can maximize the formation energy of defects responsible for degradation. Cd-containing cells show an order of magnitude enhanced unencapsulated stability compared to state-of-art mixed perovskite solar cells, for both shelf storage and maximum power point operation in ambient air at a relative humidity of 50%. We conclude by testing the generalizability of the defect engineering concept, demonstrating both vacancy-formation suppressors (such as Zn) and promoters (such as Hg).
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