HDAC Inhibitors: Novel Immunosuppressants for Allo- and Xeno- Transplantation

Immune rejection is the major obstacle to graft survival and quality of life of recipients after organ transplantation. The immunosuppressants applied in clinical face severe safety and efficacy issues. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are emerging novel drug targets in the treatment of malignancies and immune disorders. HDAC inhibitors show potential as valuable immune regulators after allo- or xeno-organ transplantation. However, studies that evaluate HDAC inhibitors and mechanisms are still limited. In this review, we focused on the immunomodulatory effects of HDAC inhibitors in transplantation. Finally, we discussed the implications and challenges of applying HDAC inhibitors in allo- and xeno-transplantation.