4.6 Article

Implications of Thermal Annealing on the Benzene Vapor Sensing Behavior of PEVA-Graphene Nanocomposite Threads

期刊

ACS SENSORS
卷 3, 期 3, 页码 640-647

出版社

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00912

关键词

graphene; polymer nanocomposite; PEVA; chemical sensor; benzene vapor sensor; exposure monitor; chemiresistor; wearable sensors

资金

  1. NIH CDC SBIR grant - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [R430H010881]
  2. National Science Foundation [ECCS-1542148]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The effect of thermal treatments, on the benzene vapor sensitivity of polyethylene (co-)vinylacetate (PEVA)/graphene nanocomposite threads, used as chemiresistive sensors, was investigated using DC resistance measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These flexible threads are being developed as low-cost, easy-to-measure chemical sensors that can be incorporated into smart clothing or disposable sensing patches. Chemiresistive threads were solution-cast or extruded from PEVA and <10% graphene nanoplatelets (by mass) in toluene. Threads were annealed at various temperatures and showed up to 2 orders of magnitude decrease in resistance with successive anneals. Threads heated to >= 80 degrees C showed improved limits of detection, resulting from improved signal-noise, when exposed to benzene vapor in dry air. In addition, annealing increased the speed of response and recovery upon exposure to and removal of benzene vapor. DSC results showed that the presence of graphene raises the freezing point, and may allow greater crystallinity, in the nanocomposite after annealing. SEM images confirm increased surface roughness/area, which may account for the increase response speed after annealing. Benzene vapor detection at 5 ppm is demonstrated with limits of detection estimated to be as low as 1.5 ppm, reflecting an order of magnitude improvement over unannealed threads.

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