期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
卷 185, 期 10, 页码 2596-2606出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.06.001
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资金
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R01 DK076566]
- National Institute of Nursing Research [NR015676, NR013898]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences [RO1 GM108014, GM069589, GM 077185]
Heterogeneity and high versatility are the characteristic features of the cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage. The mononuclear phagocyte system, derived from the bone marrow progenitor cells, is primarily composed of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In regenerative tissues, a central role of monocyte-derived macrophages and paracrine factors secreted by these cells is indisputable. Macrophages are highly plastic cells. On the basis of environmental cues and molecular mediators, these cells differentiate to proinflammatory type I macrophage (M1) or anti-inflammatory or proreparative type II macrophage (M2) phenotypes and transdifferentiate into other cell types. Given a central role in tissue repair and regeneration, the review focuses on the heterogeneity of monocytes and macrophages with current known mechanisms of differentiation and plasticity, including microenvironmental cues and molecular mediators, such as noncoding RNAs.
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