期刊
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
卷 123, 期 3, 页码 1745-1776出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2016JC012671
关键词
ocean observation; oceanic deep convection; Mediterranean Sea; energy and buoyancy fluxes; eddies; plumes; symmetric instability
类别
资金
- French Chantier Meditrranee'' MISTRALS program (HyMeX)
- French Chantier Meditrranee'' MISTRALS program (MERMeX components)
- ANR ASICSMED project [ANR 12-BS06-0003]
- MOOSE long-term observatory (SOERE/AllEnvi-SNO/INSU)
- Bio-Argo project (CNES-TOSCA)
- ANR NAOS project [ANR J11R107F]
- NATO STO-CMRE NOMR12 experiment
- EU project FP7 GROOM [284321]
- EU project FP7 PERSEUS [287600]
- EU project FP7 JERICO [262584]
- COST Action EGO'' (Everyone's Gliding Observatories) [ES0904]
During winter 2012-2013, open-ocean deep convection which is a major driver for the thermohaline circulation and ventilation of the ocean, occurred in the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea) and has been thoroughly documented thanks in particular to the deployment of several gliders, Argo profiling floats, several dedicated ship cruises, and a mooring array during a period of about a year. Thanks to these intense observational efforts, we show that deep convection reached the bottom in winter early in February 2013 in a area of maximum 28 +/- 3 10(9) m(2). We present new quantitative results with estimates of heat and salt content at the subbasin scale at different time scales (on the seasonal scale to a 10 days basis) through optimal interpolation techniques, and robust estimates of the deep water formation rate of 2.0 +/- 0.2Sv. We provide an overview of the spatiotemporal coverage that has been reached throughout the seasons this year and we highlight some results based on data analysis and numerical modeling that are presented in this special issue. They concern key circulation features for the deep convection and the subsequent bloom such as Submesoscale Coherent Vortices (SCVs), the plumes, and symmetric instability at the edge of the deep convection area.
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