Green synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of Pandanus odoratissimus leaves for efficient bifunctional electro-catalytic activity

Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared at room temperature by one-step synthesis via green chemistry using aqueous extracts of Pandanus odoratissimus leaves. Fe3O4 NPs show uniform particle size distribution with an average diameter of similar to 5.0 nm. BET surface area and average pore diameter of the nanoparticles were found to be similar to 150 m(2)/g and similar to 3.0 nm, respectively. FTIR, Raman, EDAX and XPS studies were also carried out to confirm the phase purity of the prepared materials. Electrochemical water splitting reactions have been carried out using Fe3O4 NPs as electrocatalysts in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte solution. Polarization studies confirm dual nature of Fe3O4 electro-catalysts in water electrolysis for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Potentiodynamic polarization curves reveal low Tafel values of 295 and 126 mV/dec (+/- 2) for OER and ORR, respectively. The overpotential for water oxidation reaction was found to be -390 mV (+/- 5) at the current density of 1 mA/cm(2) in 0.1 M KOH. Chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry experiments were conducted for stability tests of the electrodes.