期刊
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
卷 123, 期 5, 页码 2861-2876出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2017JD028132
关键词
lightning; lightning mapping; LOFAR; time of arrival; leader propagation
资金
- Advanced Grant of the European Research Council (grant FP)/ERC grant [227610]
- ERC under the European Union's Horizon research and innovation program [640130]
- FOM [12PR304]
- NWO (VENI grant) [639-041-130]
- DFG [NE 2031/1-1]
- International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) [LC6_003]
- CNRS-INSU, France
- Observatoire de Paris, France
- Universite d'Orleans, France
- BMBF, Germany
- MIWF-NRW, Germany
- MPG, Germany
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation (DBEI), Ireland
- NWO, The Netherlands
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK
Lightning mapping technology has proven instrumental in understanding lightning. In this work we present a pipeline that can use lightning observed by the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) radio telescope to construct a 3-D map of the flash. We show that LOFAR has unparalleled precision, on the order of meters, even for lightning flashes that are over 20km outside the area enclosed by LOFAR antennas (approximate to 3,200km(2)), and can potentially locate over 10,000 sources per lightning flash. We also show that LOFAR is the first lightning mapping system that is sensitive to the spatial structure of the electrical current during individual lightning leader steps.
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