期刊
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
卷 9, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00325
关键词
estrogen; estrogen receptor alpha; rapid extranuclear signaling; unfolded protein response; calcium; breast cancer; cancer therapy
资金
- E. Howe Scholar award
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1144245]
- [DOD BCRP W81XWH-13]
- [NIH RO1 DK071909]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [R01DK071909] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Cells react to a variety of stresses, including accumulation of unfolded or misfolded protein, by activating the endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress sensor, the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is highly conserved and plays a key role in the maintenance of protein folding quality control and homeostasis. In contrast to the classical reactive mode of UPR activation, recent studies describe a hormone-activated anticipatory UPR. In this pathway, mitogenic hormones, such as estrogen (E-2), epidermal growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor rapidly activate the UPR in anticipation of a future need for increased protein folding capacity upon cell proliferation. Here, we focus on this recently unveiled pathway of E-2-estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) action. Notably, rapid activation of the anticipatory UPR pathway is essential for subsequent activation of the E-2-ER alpha regulated transcription program. Moreover, activation of the UPR at diagnosis is a powerful prognostic marker in ER alpha positive breast cancer. Furthermore, in cells containing ER alpha mutations that confer estrogen independence and are common in metastatic breast cancer, the UPR is constitutively activated and linked to antiestrogen resistance. Lethal ER alpha-dependent hyperactivation of the anticipatory UPR represents a promising therapeutic approach exploited by a new class of small molecule ER alpha biomodulator.
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