期刊
CELL SYSTEMS
卷 6, 期 2, 页码 216-+出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.01.011
关键词
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资金
- NIH [R01 GM079771B, R01 HD075605A, T32 GM07616]
- NIHGMS [K99BM118910]
- National Science Foundation [1547056]
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies from the U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-09-0001 (KK9150)]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)
- FEDER [FIS2015-66503-C3-1-P]
- ICREA Academia program
- Maria de Maeztu Program for Units of Excellence in RD (MINECO) [MDM-2014-0370]
- European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program/ERC [338060]
- Gatsby Foundation [GAT3272/GLC]
- Human Frontier Science Program [CDA00068/2012]
- European Research Council (ERC) [338060] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1547056] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
In cells, specific regulators often compete for limited amounts of a core enzymatic resource. It is typically assumed that competition leads to partitioning of core enzyme molecules among regulators at constant levels. Alternatively, however, different regulatory species could time share, or take turns utilizing, the core resource. Using quantitative time-lapse microscopy, we analyzed sigma factor activity dynamics, and their competition for RNA polymerase, in individual Bacillus subtilis cells under energy stress. Multiple alternative sigma factors were activated in similar to 1-hr pulses in stochastic and repetitive fashion. Pairwise analysis revealed that two sigma factors rarely pulse simultaneously and that some pairs are anti-correlated, indicating that RNAP utilization alternates among different sigma factors. Mathematical modeling revealed how stochastic time-sharing dynamics can emerge from pulse-generating sigma factor regulatory circuits actively competing for RNAP. Time sharing provides a mechanism for cells to dynamically control the distribution of cell states within a population. Since core molecular components are limiting in many other systems, time sharing may represent a general mode of regulation.
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