Comparative study of visual dysfunctions in 6-10-year-old very preterm- and full-term-born children

Purpose To compare visual dysfunction between very preterm-born (VPB) children with no retinopathy of prematurity (no-ROP) at 6-10 years of age and age- and sex-matched full-term-born controls. Methods This is an observational, prospective study that included 30 children, 6-10years of age, born <= 32 weeks of gestation, with no-ROP, and 30 age- and sex-matched full-term-born controls, conducted from January 2015 until August 2015. All children underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation. Main outcome measures include visual functions (best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), color vision, and stereoacuity), ocular alignment, refractive errors, and the presence of amblyopia and nystagmus. Results Mean BCVA of the right eyes was 0.04 +/- 0.08 logMAR for VPB children and 0.02 +/- 0.05 logMAR for the full-term children (P=0.075). Mean BCVA for the left eyes was 0.07 +/- 0.09 log MAR for VPB children and 0.02 +/- 0.05 logMAR for the full-term children (P=0.014). Refractive errors were slightly higher though not statistically significant in VPB children compared to full-term children (P=0.125). The incidence of myopia and hypermetropia was 16.7 and 40%, respectively, in VPB children and 10 and 23.3%, respectively, in full-term children. Anisometropia found only in VPB children with an incidence of 16.7%. Amblyopia found in 10% of VPB children compared to 3.3% in full-term children. Strabismus was found equally in 10% of each group. Conclusion VPB children with no-ROP are at an increased risk of developing decreased BCVA at least in one eye and anisometropia compared to age-matched full-term controls.