期刊
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 9, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00406
关键词
platelets; inflammation; CD4 T cells; glycolipids; damage-associated molecular pattern; neurotransmitter; autoimmunity
类别
资金
- Health and Medical Research Fund grant from the Hong Kong Government's Department of Health [02130636]
- Research Grant Council-General Research Fund grant (Hong Kong) [14113316]
- Research Grant Council-Early Career Scheme Fund grant (Hong Kong) [24100314]
Recent studies suggest that in addition to their common function in the regulation of thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets also contribute to tissue inflammation affecting adaptive immunity. Platelets have a number of pro-inflammatory and regulatory mediators stored in their alpha-granules and dense granules, which are promptly released at sites of inflammation or tissue injury. Platelet-derived mediators include cytokines (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TGF beta 1), chemokines (CXCL4 and CCL3), immunomodulatory neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, histamine, and GABA), and other low-molecular-weight mediators. In addition, activated platelets synthesize a number of lipid pro-inflammatory mediators such as platelet-activating factor and prostaglandins/thromboxanes. Notably, platelets express multiple toll-like receptors and MHC class I on their surface and store IgG in their alpha-granules. Platelet-derived factors are highly effective in directly or indirectly modulating the priming and effector function of various subsets of T cells. Besides secreting soluble factors, activated platelets upregulate a number of integrins, adhesion molecules, and lectins, leading to the formation of platelet-T cells aggregates. Activated platelets are able to instantly release neurotransmitters acting similar to neuronal presynaptic terminals, affecting CD4 T cells and other cells in close contact with them. The formation of platelet-T cell aggregates modulates the functions of T cells via direct cell-cell contact interactions and the local release of soluble factors including neurotransmitters. New data suggest an important role for platelets as neuronal and innate-like cells that directly recognize damage- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns and instantly communicate with T cells.
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