Electrochromic Metal Oxides: Recent Progress and Prospect

Electrochromism has received increasing attention due to its unique electrochromic feature and the induced applications. This review provides an overview on the recent developments in the synthesis and application of the electrochromic metal oxides in smart windows, display devices, e-skins, and multifunctional energy storage devices. The main cathodic and anodic electrochromic metal oxides are surveyed here, with the discussion of representative examples in details. The current state-of-the-art research activities of the derived multifunctional electrochromic devices are highlighted, i.e., material systems, components, structures, morphology, the resulting performance, etc. Major challenges and potential solutions are also discussed. Additionally, the future perspective on the development trends in electrochromic metal oxides and the commercialization of relevant devices is also proposed.