Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters Synthesized on Metal Alloy Substrate by PECVD for Customized Compact Field Emission Devices to Be Used in X-Ray Source Applications

In this study, a simple, efficient, and economical process is reported for the direct synthesis of carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitters on metal alloy. Given that CNT field emitters can be customized with ease for compact and cold field emission devices, they are promising replacements for thermionic emitters in widely accessible X-ray source electron guns. High performance CNT emitter samples were prepared in optimized plasma conditions through the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process and subsequently characterized by using a scanning electron microscope, tunneling electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy. For the cathode current, field emission (FE) characteristics with respective turn on (1 mu A/cm(2)) and threshold (1 mA/cm(2)) field of 2.84 and 4.05 V/mu m were obtained. For a field of 5.24 V/mu m, maximum current density of 7 mA/cm(2) was achieved and a field enhancement factor beta of 2838 was calculated. In addition, the CNT emitters sustained a current density of 6.7 mA/cm(2) for 420 min under a field of 5.2 V/m, confirming good operational stability. Finally, an X-ray generated image of an integrated circuit was taken using the compact field emission device developed herein.