Metabolic syndrome: prevalence and risk factors in Korean gout patients

Background/Aims: We performed this study to investigate associations between metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and gout. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 151 patients with gout at the Department of Rheumatology in Korea University Ansan Hospital. The following measures were examined: waist circumference, blood pressure, alcohol consumption, and levels of triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting serum glucose, serum uric acid (SUA), creatinine, insulin, and C-peptide. We assessed metabolic syndrome by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and renal function by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation; patients were classified according to World Health Organization Asia-Pacific obesity criteria. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in gout patients (50.8%) was higher than in non-gout patients. The mean SUA level was significantly higher in gout patients with metabolic syndrome (9.13 +/- 3.15 mg/dL) than in gout patients without metabolic syndrome (8.14 +/- 2.07 mg/dL). The mean SUA level was also significantly higher in patients with gout and CKD (9.55 +/- 2.86 mg/dL) than in patients with gout but no CKD (7.74 +/- 2.27 mg/dL). In gout patients, HOMA-IR was positively correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.409, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with gout was 50.8%, which is higher than the prevalence in the general Korean population. Hyperuricemia in gout patients was correlated with metabolic syndrome and CKD. Insulin resistance may provide clues to better understand the relationship between metabolic syndrome, CKD, and gout.