Change of Real and Simulated Energy Production of Certain Photovoltaic Technologies in Relation to Orientation, Tilt Angle and Dual-Axis Sun-Tracking. A Case Study in Hungary

The aim of the study is to compare me tut angle-orientation and dual-axis tracking characteristics of mono- (m-Si), polycrystalline (p-Si), and amorphous silicon (a-Si) modules in the summer of 2017, under real meteorological conditions with simulated data. The most important new element of our study is that, besides a comparison of the three most significant photovoltaic types, the technologies are differentiated by examining specific energy generation using dual-axis tracking and four different orientations at 5-degree intervals compared to simulated values, near to the summer solstice. For these types of measurements, as far as we are aware, there is no previous reliable, well-supported, comparative data. The simulated data show less accurate results, proving the importance of real data. Based on simulated data, the tilt angle and orientation showed about 10% favorable values compared to reality. Knowing our results can make it easier to plan investment, and estimate the investment and operational costs and their return on crystalline and amorphous silicon solar modules, for both sun-tracking and fixed systems with various orientations and tilt angles.