期刊
NANO ENERGY
卷 44, 期 -, 页码 217-227出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.11.077
关键词
Sodium-ion battery; Titanium dioxide; Hierarchical rod-in-tube structure; Morphology tuning; Rate performance
类别
资金
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [21671200, 21571189]
- Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project [2017TP1001]
- Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University [2016CXS009]
- Hong Kong Scholar fund
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Vehicle Technologies Office
- DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
The performance of energy storage materials is highly dependent on their nanostructures. Herein, hierarchical rod-in-tube TiO2 with a uniform carbon coating is synthesized as the anode material for sodium-ion batteries by a facile solvothermal method. This unique structure consists of a tunable nanorod core, interstitial hollow spaces, and a functional nanotube shell assembled from two-dimensional nanosheets. By adjusting the types of solvents used and reaction time, the morphologies of TiO2/C composites can be tuned to nanoparticles, microrods, rod-in-tube structures, or microtubes. Among these materials, rod-in-tube TiO2 with a uniform carbon coating shows the highest electronic conductivity, specific surface area (336.4 m(2) g(-1)), and porosity, and these factors lead to the best sodium storage capability. Benefiting from the unique structural features and improved electronic/ionic conductivity, the as-obtained rod-in-tube TiO2/C in coin cell tests exhibits a high discharge capacity of 277.5 and 153.9 mAh g(-1) at 50 and 5000 mA g(-1), respectively, and almost 100% capacity retention over 14,000 cycles at 5000 mA g(-1). In operando high-energy X-ray diffraction further confirms the stable crystal structure of the rod-in-tube TiO2/C during Na+ insertion/extraction. This work highlights that nanostructure design is an effective strategy to achieve advanced energy storage materials.
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