期刊
OXFORD REVIEW OF ECONOMIC POLICY
卷 28, 期 1, 页码 164-179出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grs012
关键词
biodiversity; deforestation; conservation; climate change; impact evaluation; Q24; Q28; Q38; Q57; Q54; Q56; O13; O21
类别
Policies must balance forest conservation's local costs with its benefitslocal to globalin terms of biodiversity, the mitigation of climate change, and other eco-services such as water quality. The trade-offs with development vary across forest locations. We argue that considering location in three ways helps to predict policy impact and improve policy choice: (i) policy impacts vary by location because baseline deforestation varies with characteristics (market distances, slopes, soils, etc.) of locations in a landscape; (ii) different mixes of political-economic pressures drive the location of different policies; and (iii) policies can trigger osecond-order' or ospillover' effects likely to differ by location. We provide empirical evidence that suggests the importance of all three considerations, by reviewing high-quality evaluations of the impact of conservation and development on forest. Impacts of well-enforced conservation rise with private clearing pressure, supporting (i). Protection types (e.g. federal/state) differ in locations and thus in impacts, supporting (ii). Differences in development process explain different signs for spillovers, supporting (iii).
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