期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
卷 10, 期 4, 页码 3596-3611出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2018.2832621
关键词
Energy storage; renewable generation; energy selling; home energy management; Lyapunov optimization; real-time control
资金
- National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2014-05181]
We consider the residential energy storage management system with integrated renewable generation and the availability of bidirectional energy flow from and to the grid through buying and selling. We propose a real-time bidirectional energy control algorithm, aiming to minimize the net system cost from energy buying and selling as well as battery deterioration and storage inefficiency within a given time period, subject to the battery operational constraints and energy buying and selling constraints. We formulate the problem as a stochastic control optimization problem. We then modify and transform this difficult problem into one that enables us to develop the real-time energy control algorithm through Lyapunov optimization. Our developed algorithm is applicable to arbitrary and unknown statistics of renewable generation, load, and electricity prices. It provides a simple clued-form control solution based on only current system states, and requires a minimum complexity for real-time implementation. Furthermore, the solution structure reveals how the battery energy level and energy prices affect the energy flow direction and storage decision. The proposed algorithm possesses a bounded performance guarantee to that of the optimal non-causal T-slot look-ahead control policy. Simulation shows the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm as compared with alternative real-time and non-causal algorithms, and demonstrates the effect of selling-to-buying price ratio and battery inefficiency on the storage behavior and system cost.
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