期刊
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
卷 12, 期 4, 页码 237-251出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrc3237
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资金
- US National Cancer Institute
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
- Melanoma Research Alliance
- Alliance for Cancer Gene Therapy
- Research Foundation for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
- Novartis Inc.
During the past two decades, the paradigm for cancer treatment has evolved from relatively nonspecific cytotoxic agents to selective, mechanism-based therapeutics. Cancer chemotherapies were initially identified through screens for compounds that killed rapidly dividing cells. These drugs remain the backbone of current treatment, but they are limited by a narrow therapeutic index, significant toxicities and frequently acquired resistance. More recently, an improved understanding of cancer pathogenesis has given rise to new treatment options, including targeted agents and cancer immunotherapy. Targeted approaches aim to inhibit molecular pathways that are crucial for tumour growth and maintenance; whereas, immunotherapy endeavours to stimulate a host immune response that effectuates long-lived tumour destruction. Targeted therapies and cytotoxic agents also modulate immune responses, which raises the possibility that these treatment strategies might be effectively combined with immunotherapy to improve clinical outcomes.
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