4.5 Article

The Outcome of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Latin America

期刊

WORLD NEUROSURGERY
卷 111, 期 -, 页码 E82-E90

出版社

ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.11.171

关键词

Global health; Social determinants of health; Traumatic brain injury

资金

  1. NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS080648, R01 NS058302] Funding Source: Medline

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BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disproportionately affects lower-and middle-income countries (LMIC). The factors influencing outcomes in LMIC have not been examined as rigorously as in higher-income countries. METHODS: This study was conducted to examine clinical and demographic factors influencing TBI outcomes in Latin American LMIC. Data were prospectively collected during a randomized trial of intracranial pressure monitoring in severe TBI and a companion observational study. Participants were aged >= 13 years and admitted to study hospitals with Glasgow Coma Scale score <= 8. The primary outcome was Glasgow Outcome Scale, Extended (GOS-E) score at 6 months. Predictors were analyzed using a multivariable proportional odds model created by forward stepwise selection. RESULTS: A total of 550 patients were identified. Six-month outcomes were available for 88%, of whom 37% had died and 44% had achieved a GOS-E score of 5-8. In multivariable proportional odds modeling, higher Glasgow Coma Scale motor score (odds ratio [OR], 1.41 per point; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.61) and epidural hematoma (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.17-2.86) were significant predictors of higher GOS-E score, whereas advanced age (OR, 0.65 per 10 years; 95% CI, 0.57-0.73) and cisternal effacement (P < 0.001) were associated with lower GOS-E score. Study site (P < 0.001) and race (P = 0.004) significantly predicted outcome, outweighing clinical variables such as hypotension and pupillary examination. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality from severe TBI is high in Latin American LMIC, although the rate of favorable recovery is similar to that of high-income countries. Demographic factors such as race and study site played an outsized role in predicting outcome; further research is required to understand these associations.

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