期刊
THERANOSTICS
卷 8, 期 1, 页码 237-255出版社
IVYSPRING INT PUBL
DOI: 10.7150/thno.21945
关键词
exosome; extracellular vesicle; translational medicine; biomarker; drug delivery
资金
- National Science Foundation of China [81401541, 81570168]
- National Key RD Program [2016YFC1100800]
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation [LR16H180001]
- Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province [2014C03048-2]
Exosomes are common membrane-bound nanovesicles that contain diverse biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Exosomes are derived from cells through exocytosis, are ingested by target cells, and can transfer biological signals between local or distant cells. Exosome secretion is a constitutive phenomenon that is involved in both physiological and pathological processes and determines both the exosomal surface molecules and the contents. Hence, we can exploit exosomes as biomarkers, vaccines and drug carriers and modify them rationally for therapeutic interventions. However, it is still a challenge to identify, isolate and quantify exosomes accurately, efficiently and selectively. Further studies on exosomes will explore their potential in translational medicine and provide new avenues for the creation of effective clinical diagnostics and therapeutic strategies; the use of exosomes in these applications can be called exosome theranostics. This review describes the fundamental processes of exosome formation and uptake. In addition, the physiological and pathological roles of exosomes in biology are also illustrated with a focus on how exosomes can be exploited or engineered as powerful tools in translational medicine.
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