期刊
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
卷 196, 期 -, 页码 56-65出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.038
关键词
UK; Green space; Public parks; Cognitive function; Cognitive ageing; Life course; Longitudinal
资金
- Research Councils UK under the Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Cross-Council Programme - Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/K037404/1]
- Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
- Age UK (Disconnected Mind programme grant)
- Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative [MR/K026992/1]
- UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
- UK Medical Research Council (MRC)
- European Research Council [ERC-StG] [263501]
- BBSRC [BB/F019394/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- EPSRC [EP/K037404/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MC_UU_12017/10] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/F019394/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Chief Scientist Office [SPHSU10] Funding Source: researchfish
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K037404/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0700704B, MC_UU_12017/10, MR/K026992/1] Funding Source: researchfish
International evidence suggests that green space has beneficial effects on general and mental health but little is known about how lifetime exposure to green space influences cognitive ageing. Employing a novel longitudinal life course approach, we examined the association between lifetime availability of public parks and cognitive ageing. Lifetime residential information was gathered from the participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 using a life-grid questionnaire at age 78 years. Parks information from 1949, 1969 and 2009 was used to determine a percentage of parks within a 1500 m buffer zone surrounding residence for childhood, adulthood, and later adulthood periods. Linear regressions were undertaken to test for association with age-standardised, residualised change in cognitive function (Moray House Test score) from age 11 to 70 years, and from age 70 to 76 (n = 281). The most appropriate model was selected using the results of a partial F-test, and then stratified by demographic, genetic and socioeconomic factors. The local provision of park space in childhood and adulthood were both important in explaining the change in cognitive function in later life. The association between childhood and adulthood park availability and change in the Moray House Test Score from age 70 to 76 was strongest for women, those without an APOE e4 allele (a genetic risk factor), and those in the lowest socioeconomic groups. Greater neighbourhood provision of public parks from childhood through to adulthood may help to slow down the rate of cognitive decline in later life, recognising that such environmental associations are always sensitive to individual characteristics.
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