Ube2s stabilizes β-Catenin through K11-linked polyubiquitination to promote mesendoderm specification and colorectal cancer development

The canonical Wnt/beta-Catenin signaling pathway is widely involved in regulating diverse biological processes. Dysregulation of the pathway results in severe consequences, such as developmental defects and malignant cancers. Here, we identified Ube2s as a novel activator of the Wnt/beta-Catenin signaling pathway. It modified beta-Catenin at K19 via K11-linked polyubiquitin chain. This modification resulted in an antagonistic effect against the destruction complex/beta-TrCP cascade-orchestrated beta-Catenin degradation. As a result, the stability of beta-Catenin was enhanced, thus promoting its cellular accumulation. Importantly, Ube2s-promoted beta-Catenin accumulation partially released the dependence on exogenous molecules for the process of embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation into mesoendoderm lineages. Moreover, we demonstrated that UBE2S plays a critical role in determining the malignancy properties of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro and in vivo. The findings in this study extend our mechanistic understanding of the mesoendodermal cell fate commitment, and provide UBE2S as a putative target for human CRC therapy.