期刊
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
卷 12, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00101
关键词
chloride homeostasis; chloride transporters and channels; GABAergic inhibition; olivocerebellar system; cerebellar motor learning
The intraneuronal ionic composition is an important determinant of brain functioning. There is growing evidence that aberrant homeostasis of the intracellular concentration of Cl-([Cl-](i)) evokes, in addition to that of Na+ and Ca2+, robust impairments of neuronal excitability and neurotransmission and thereby neurological conditions. More specifically, understanding the mechanisms underlying regulation of [Cl-] i is crucial for deciphering the variability in GABAergic and glycinergic signaling of neurons, in both health and disease. The homeostatic level of [Cl-](i) is determined by various regulatory mechanisms, including those mediated by plasma membrane Cl- channels and transporters. This review focuses on the latest advances in identification, regulation and characterization of Cl- channels and transporters that modulate neuronal excitability and cell volume. By putting special emphasis on neurons of the olivocerebellar system, we establish that Cl- channels and transporters play an indispensable role in determining their [Cl-](i) and thereby their function in sensorimotor coordination.
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