期刊
CHEMICAL SCIENCE
卷 9, 期 28, 页码 6041-6052出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01537f
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资金
- JSPS KAKENHI [JP15H05848, JP16K05719, JP18H01977]
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Osaka University, of the MEXT program
- Mitsui Chemicals Award in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
The cyclization of heteroatom-containing alkynes with Pi acidic metal salts is an attractive method to prepare heterocycles because the starting materials are readily available and the organometallic compounds are useful synthetic intermediates. A new organometallic species in the heterocyclization provides an opportunity to synthesize heterocycles that are difficult to obtain. Herein, we describe a novel cyclic oxymetalation of 2-alkynylbenzoate with indium or gallium salts that proceeds with an unusual regioselectivity to give isocoumarins bearing a carbon-metal bond at the 4-position. This new type of metalated isocoumarin provided 3-unsubstituted isocoumarins that have seldom been investigated despite their important pharmacological properties. Indium and gallium salts showed high performance in the selective 6-endo cyclization of terminal alkynes while boron or other metals such as Al, Au, and Ag caused 5-exo cyclization or decomposition of terminal alkynes, respectively. The metalated isocoumarin and its reaction intermediate were unambiguously identified by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The theoretical calculation of potential energy profiles showed that oxyindation could proceed via 6-endo cyclization under thermodynamic control while previously reported oxyboration would give a 5-membered ring under kinetic control. The investigation of electrostatic potential maps suggested that the differences in the atomic characters of indium, boron and their ligands would contribute to such a regioselective switch. The metalated isocoumarins were applied to organic synthetic reactions. The halogenation of metalated isocoumarins proceeded to afford 4-halogenated isocoumarins bearing various functional groups. The palladium-catalyzed cross coupling of organometallic species with organic halides gave various 4-substituted isocoumarins. A formal total synthesis of oosponol, which exhibits strong antifungal activity, was accomplished.
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