期刊
CHEMICAL SCIENCE
卷 9, 期 15, 页码 3729-3741出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00015h
关键词
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资金
- Chemistry Division of the National Science Foundation [CHE-1565702]
- Department of the Defense, Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-15-1-0045]
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- University of California, Santa Barbara
- University of California, Office of the President
- Office of The Director, National Institutes of Health of the NIH [S10OD010610, S10RR02259501A1]
- MRSEC Program of the NSF [DMR-1720256]
- NSF
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16H04124, 16H01042, 15K14226, 17J06282] Funding Source: KAKEN
Nitric oxide (NO) holds great promise as a treatment for cancer hypoxia, if its concentration and localization can be precisely controlled. Here, we report a Trojan Horse strategy to provide the necessary spatial, temporal, and dosage control of such drug-delivery therapies at targeted tissues. Described is a unique package consisting of (1) a manganese-nitrosyl complex, which is a photoactivated NO-releasing moiety (photoNORM), plus Nd3+-doped upconverting nanoparticles (Nd-UCNPs) incorporated into (2) biodegradable polymer microparticles that are taken up by (3) bone-marrow derived murine macrophages. Both the photoNORM [Mn(NO)dpaq(NO2)]BPh4(dpaq(NO2) = 2-[N,N-bis(pyridin-2-yl-methyl)]-amino-N'-5-nitro-quinolin-8-yl-acetamido) and the Nd-UCNPs are activated by tissue-penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light at similar to 800 nm. Thus, simultaneous therapeutic NO delivery and photoluminescence (PL) imaging can be achieved with a NIR diode laser source. The loaded microparticles are non-toxic to their macrophage hosts in the absence of light. The microparticle-carrying macrophages deeply penetrate into NIH-3T3/4T1 tumor spheroid models, and when the infiltrated spheroids are irradiated with NIR light, NO is released in quantifiable amounts while emission from the Nd-UCNPs provides images of microparticle location. Furthermore, varying the intensity of the NIR excitation allows photochemical control over NO release. Low doses reduce levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) in the tumor cells, while high doses are cytotoxic. The use of macrophages to carry microparticles with a NIR photo-activated theranostic payload into a tumor overcomes challenges often faced with therapeutic administration of NO and offers the potential of multiple treatment strategies with a single system.
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