Was the History of Spinal and Peripheral Joint Manipulation Manipulated? A Slightly Different Perspective on the Development of Orthopaedic Medicine and Orthopaedic Manual Physiotherapy

This article develops a different perspective on the history of orthopaedic medicine and orthopaedic manual therapy. According to this physiotherapists do not owe all of their knowledge to physicians but rather the opposite way around. In order to this it is necessary to go back to the 19th century and to investigate in more detail the role of the physiotherapists Pehr Henrik Ling, Jonas Henrik Kellgren, Dr. Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax and his son Dr. James Cyriax.