In situ remediation of hexavalent chromium contaminated soil by CMC-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron composited with biochar

In this study, the remediation experiments were performed outdoors in natural conditions. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron (CMC-nZVI), biochar (BC) and CMC-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron composited with biochar (CMC-nZVI/BC) were synthesized and investigated for their effect on the in situ remediation of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] contaminated soil and the concentration of available iron was tested after the remediation, compared with the untreated soil. The results of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test showed that CMC-nZVI and CMC-nZVI/BC used as remediation materials could obviously improve the remediation rate of Cr contaminated soil and when the ratio of CMC-nZVI to Fe-0 was 2.5 g/Kg, the leachability of Cr(VI) and Cr-total can be reduced by 100% and 95.8% simultaneously. Moreover, sequential extraction procedure (SEP) showed that most exchangeable Cr converted to carbonatebound and Fe-Mn oxides-bound, reducing the availability and leachability of Cr in the soil.