期刊
WATER RESEARCH
卷 135, 期 -, 页码 95-103出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.008
关键词
Photodegradation; Water quality; Chlorobenzenes; Stable isotope; OH radicals
资金
- European Union under the 7th Framework Program (project acronym CSI:ENVIRONMENT) [PITN-GA-2010-264329]
- Collaborative Research and Development grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [497236]
Substituted chlorobenzenes are the basic substructure of many surface water contaminants. In this study, the isotope fractionation and reaction mechanisms involved during the aqueous direct and indirect photodegradation of CH3-, Cl-, and NO2- substituted chlorobenzenes were investigated in laboratory experiments. Only 4-nitrochlorobenzene showed slow but isotopically fractionating direct photolysis. During indirect photodegradation using UV/H2O2-generated OH radicals, the pseudo first-order reaction rate constants increased in the order of the NO2- < Cl- < CH3-substituted chlorobenzenes. The most pronounced carbon enrichment factors were observed for nitrochlorobenzenes (up to -4.8 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand), whereas the lowest were for chlorotoluenes (<= -1.0 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand). As the substituents became more electron-withdrawing, the activation energy barrier increased, leading to slower reaction rates, and the transition state changed to a more symmetrical or less reactant-like structure, resulting in larger apparent kinetic isotope effects. The results suggest that the rate-determining step in the reaction with OH radicals was the addition of the electrophile to the benzene ring. Even though further research is needed to quantify isotope fractionation during other transformation processes, these results showed evidence that compound specific isotope analysis can be used as a diagnostic tool for the fate of substituted chlorobenzenes in water. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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