期刊
ACTA NATURAE
卷 4, 期 4, 页码 28-46出版社
RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGENCY SCIENCE & INNOVATION
DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2012-4-4-28-46
关键词
embryonic stem cells; induced pluripotent stem cells; pluripotency; covalent histone modifications; DNA methylation.
资金
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research [11-04-00847-a, 12-04-00208-a]
- Russian Academy of Sciences
Pluripotency is maintained by a complex system that includes the genetic and epigenetic levels. Recent studies have shown that the genetic level (transcription factors, signal pathways, and microRNAs) closely interacts with the enzymes and other specific proteins that participate in the formation of the chromatin structure. The interaction between the two systems results in the unique chromatin state observed in pluripotent cells. In this review, the epigenetic features of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are considered. Special attention is paid to the interplay of the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG with the Polycomb group proteins and other molecules involved in the regulation of the chromatin structure. The participation of the transcription factors of the pluripotency system in the inactivation of the X chromosome is discussed. In addition, the epigenetic events taking place during reprogramming of somatic cells to the pluripotent state and the problem of epigenetic memory are considered.
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