N,N-dimethyl-D-glucosamine as an efficient ligand for copper catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling of N-H heterocycles with aryl halides

A new N,N-dimethyl-o-glucosamine ligand has been developed for the copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling of N-H heterocycles (e.g., indoles, benzimidazoles, pyrazoles and triazoles) with aryl halides. This method was accomplished not only featuring excellent yields, mild reaction conditions and simple operation, but also showing eco-friendly and broad-spectrum substrates, and could be widely used in the construction of N-aryl heterocyclic systems. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.