期刊
BIOLOGY OF MOOD & ANXIETY DISORDERS
卷 2, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
DOI: 10.1186/2045-5380-2-3
关键词
menstrual cycle; sex hormones; estrogen; progesterone; estrus cycle; fear extinction
资金
- NIH [K01-MH08036, R01-MH081975]
- Department of Defense grant [W81XWH-11-2-0079]
Convergent data from rodents and human studies have led to the development of models describing the neural mechanisms of fear extinction. Key components of the now well-characterized fear extinction network include the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortical regions. These models are fueling novel hypotheses that are currently being tested with much refined experimental tools to examine the interactions within this network. Lagging far behind, however, is the examination of sex differences in this network and how sex hormones influence the functional activity and reactivity of these brain regions in the context of fear inhibition. Indeed, there is a large body of literature suggesting that sex hormones, such as estrogen, do modulate neural plasticity within the fear extinction network, especially in the hippocampus. After a brief overview of the fear extinction network, we summarize what is currently known about sex differences in fear extinction and the influence of gonadal hormones on the fear extinction network. We then go on to propose possible mechanisms by which sex hormones, such as estrogen, may influence neural plasticity within the fear extinction network. We end with a discussion of how knowledge to be gained from developing this line of research may have significant ramifications towards the etiology, epidemiology and treatment of anxiety disorders.
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