Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose Patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) often develop nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). We aimed to identify determinants and the prognostic significance of NCSE among patients with acute ICH. Methods Consecutive patients with acute spontaneous ICH who were admitted to a comprehensive stroke center were enrolled. We diagnosed NCSE using the modified Salzburg Consensus Criteria. Factors associated with NCSE and their significance in relation to clinical outcomes were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. Results Of 228 patients (136 men; mean age, 6814 years), 20 (8.8%) developed NCSE during their hospital stays. In logistic regression models, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NCSE were 3.5 (1.2-10.7) for craniotomy and 7.0 (2.2-31.2) for lobar involvement. The patients with NCSE had higher modified Rankin Scale scores at discharge, but NCSE was not independently associated with poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score, 4-5) or mortality after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions NCSE is not a rare complication of acute ICH. Craniotomy and lobar involvement are independently associated with NCSE in patients with acute ICH.