期刊
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
卷 214, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11214-018-0485-6
关键词
Plasmas; Magnetohydrodynamics; Sun; Molecular clouds; Ionospheres; Exoplanets
资金
- MINECO [AYA2014-54485-P, AYA2017-85465-P]
- FEDER Funds
- Leverhulme Trust [IN-2014-016]
- Conselleria d'Innovacio, Recerca i Turisme del Govern Balear
- Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad
- Conselleria d'Innovacio, Recerca i Turisme del Govern Balear (Pla de ciencia, tecnologia, innovacio i emprenedoria) [RYC-2014-14970]
- Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) [S11606-N16, S11607-N16]
- FWF [P25587-N27, P25640-N27, I2939-N27, P30695-N27]
- Russian Fund for Basic Research [16-52-14006]
- RAS SB research program [II.10, 0307-2016-0002]
- Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation [RFMEFI61617X0084]
- Georgian Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [DI-2016-17, 217146]
- Spanish Ministry of Science [AYA2014-55078-P]
- European Research Council [ERC-2011-StG 277829-SPIA]
- ISSI
Partially ionized plasmas are found across the Universe in many different astrophysical environments. They constitute an essential ingredient of the solar atmosphere, molecular clouds, planetary ionospheres and protoplanetary disks, among other environments, and display a richness of physical effects which are not present in fully ionized plasmas. This review provides an overview of the physics of partially ionized plasmas, including recent advances in different astrophysical areas in which partial ionization plays a fundamental role. We outline outstanding observational and theoretical questions and discuss possible directions for future progress.
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