期刊
SCIENCE
卷 359, 期 6375, 页码 572-+出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aar2287
关键词
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资金
- European Research Council (ERC) advanced grant Oxide Surfaces [ERC-2011-ADG-20110209]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project Wittgenstein Prize [Z 250]
- FOXSI
- FWF-SFB project VICOM [F41]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division
The stacking of alternating charged planes in ionic crystals creates a diverging electrostatic energy-a polar catastrophe-that must be compensated at the surface. We used scanning probe microscopies and density functional theory to study compensation mechanisms at the perovskite potassium tantalate (KTaO3) ( 001) surface as increasing degrees of freedom were enabled. The as-cleaved surface in vacuum is frozen in place but immediately responds with an insulator-to-metal transition and possibly ferroelectric lattice distortions. Annealing in vacuum allows the formation of isolated oxygen vacancies, followed by a complete rearrangement of the top layers into an ordered pattern of KO and TaO2 stripes. The optimal solution is found after exposure to water vapor through the formation of a hydroxylated overlayer with ideal geometry and charge.
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