Multi-agent based simulation for household solid waste recycling behaviorMulti-agent based simulation for household solid waste recycling behavior

The urban household solid waste (HSW) classification and recycling system is a complex adaptive system (CAS), containing multiple agents and the behaviors between them are interactive. In order to figure out which is the most effective waste management policy for the HSW classification and recycling, this study tried to establish a simulation model combining multi-agent based simulation (MABS) techniques with a social survey questionnaire. The model can simulate the behavior change of the agents in the system under different policy scenarios. Then the proposed model is utilized in Suzhou city in eastern China. The system contains three main agents: (1) the resident agents that generate the HSW, (2) the recycling site and scavenger agents that collect the recyclable materials (paper, metal, plastics and etc.) in the household garbage. (3) the agents in the sanitation department (incineration power plants and landfills) that is responsible for the municipal solid waste collection and terminal garbage disposal. In addition, three waste charge policy scenarios are set and relevant simulation experiments are carried out. The results show that the specific charge policy can improve the performance of residents' separation behavior, which is a more effective way to reduce the HSW and increase the collection rate of domestic recyclable resources (DRR). And there exists certain benefit conflicts between the environmental sanitation agent and the DRR recycling agent at the present stage in Suzhou city. To resolve the issue of the urban HSW management in China, it is necessary to balance the profit of charge point of agents in the system. In addition, it needs to combine the municipal garbage collection network and the renewable resource recycling network together. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.