Electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review

The electrode is the key component of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The electrochemical reaction of hydrogen (fuel) and oxygen that transform into water and electrical energy occurs at the catalyst site. Attempts to improve the performance and durability of electrodes have sought to overcome the challenges arising from utilizing PEMFCs as an efficient and competitive energy source. To accomplish this goal and to solve the problems related to using PEMFC electrodes, the structure and function of each component and the manufacturing method must be comprehensively understood, and the electrode performance and durability of the cell must be characterized. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss the components, preparation, functions and performance of the electrodes used in PEMFCs. This review aims to provide comprehensive information regarding PEMFC electrodes.