Increased plasma Interleukin-1β level is associated with memory deficits in type 2 diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are both chronic inflammatory diseases. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels with the risk of MCI in T2DM patients. We divided recruited T2DM patients into two groups, MCI group and healthy-cognition controls, according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Demographic characteristics, clinical parameters and neuropsychological tests were examined. We recruited 202 T2DM patients in this study, including 94 MCI and 108 healthy-cognition controls. T2DM patients with MCI exhibited increased plasma IL-1 beta and decreased amyloid-beta 42 (A beta 42) levels compared to the controls (all p < 0.05). After adjusting fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and A beta 42, plasma IL-1 beta levels were negatively correlated with MoCA and AVLT delayed recall scores, which represented memory function. Multivariable logistic regression model showed that high plasma IL-1 beta level and low plasma A beta 42 level were correlated with increased risk for MCI in T2DM patients. Increased plasma IL-1 beta level was significantly associated with MCI in T2DM patients, especially memory deficits. Our findings will provide additional insights into the inflammation pathogenesis of cognitive impairments in T2DM.