期刊
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
卷 96, 期 -, 页码 86-110出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.03.004
关键词
TCO; Co-doped ZnO; Defects; Carrier concentration; Mobility; Optical transparency
资金
- Solar Energy Research Institute for India
- U.S. (SERIIUS) - U.S. Department of Energy [DE AC36-08G028308]
- Government of India [IUSSTF/JCERDCSERIIUS/2012]
- DST [SB/S2/CMP-055/2013]
A transparent conducting oxide (TCO) thin film exhibits a very high electrical conductivity and high visible light transparency with considerable practical applications in solar cells and in transparent electronics. As a promising substitute to Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO), doped ZnO thin films are widely considered due to low-cost, non-toxicity and high durability against the H plasma compared with ITO. In this review, by 'co-doping', we mean cation cation (two iso-valent or heterovalent cations) and cation-anion (one higher valence cation and one lower valence anion) double doping in ZnO film. This article commences with a generalized description of TCOs, ITO and single-doped ZnO followed by a discussion on co-doped ZnO. We systemically present the current progress in both co-doping studies with critically summarized results to gain an overview, especially regarding the electrical properties. The cation-cation co-doping results in a wide range of carrier concentrations and resistivity values due to the competitive Zn site substitution by two different cations simultaneously. Cation-anion co-doping leads to an expected change in the carrier concentration and resistivity values with a higher mobility in general due to fewer lattice defects. Finally, the article concludes with a brief discussion on problems and challenges to be addressed in the near future. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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