Regeneration and reuse of polymeric nanocomposites in wastewater remediation: the future of economic water management

The application of polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs) for wastewater remediation purposes is currently seen as frontier to explore the vast potentials of nanotechnology-based treatment solutions. Polymeric matrices act as bulk carriers for the immobilized nanomaterials, thereby helping to curtail their release into the environment during application processes and ease its recovery. In other instances, the polymeric component of the composite serves to synergistically improve the remediation processes. Research outputs in this area are exciting and have shown the possibility of providing a safe and efficient solution for wastewater treatment. Regeneration of synthesized PNCs to renew their active sites and prolong their life-span during use is an important aspect that will ultimately determine the large-scale application and progress of this technology. This review focuses on the different techniques utilized for the regeneration of PNCs, and their reuse potential in wastewater treatment and monitoring processes. Several regeneration mechanisms, mediums, processes and the nature of interacting bonds between PNCs/contaminants are discussed as presented in existing literatures. Highlighting this salient area in the development and utilization of PNCs for wastewater remediation purposes is our main intent.